Vertical Cracks in Walls Explained
Vertical cracks in walls are a common issue in both old and new buildings. These cracks can appear due to a variety of reasons, and what they say about your foundation’s overall health and safety depends on several factors. Vertical wall cracks generally aren’t as alarming as horizontal or stair-step cracks, but they shouldn’t be ignored.
While many vertical cracks are harmless and result from minor settling, some can indicate underlying foundation problems. This article delves into the main reasons behind vertical wall cracks, how to distinguish between structural and non-structural cracks, common repair techniques, and preventative measures to avoid future cracks.
What Causes Vertical Cracks in Walls?
Unlike other types of cracks in walls, the cause of vertical cracking may not always be apparent. Some common sources of vertical cracking on foundation walls include the following:
Foundation Settlement
As buildings age, they naturally settle into the ground, causing minor shifts in their structure. This settlement process can cause a vertical crack in wall corners or joints, especially in new construction as the materials adjust to the load and environmental conditions. These cracks are typically small and uniform, indicating normal settling rather than a serious issue.
Foundation Shifting
Foundation movement is a more concerning cause of vertical cracks. This can occur due to soil expansion and contraction, often from changes in moisture levels. For instance, clay soils expand when wet and contract when dry, exerting pressure on the foundation. Uneven settlement or shifting foundations can lead to significant vertical cracks on both interior and exterior walls.
Temperature Fluctuations
Significant temperature changes can cause building materials to expand and contract. Over time, this thermal movement can lead to vertical cracks in walls. In regions with extreme temperature variations between seasons, these cracks are more common and can worsen if not addressed.
Water and Moisture Damage
Water infiltration from poor drainage, plumbing leaks, or excessive humidity can weaken building materials, leading to vertical cracks. Moisture can cause materials like concrete and brick to expand, creating stress within the wall structure. Alternatively, moisture exposure in a finished basement can lead to a vertical crack in drywall and other synthetic surfaces.
Are Vertical Cracks in Walls Serious?
Vertical cracks in walls are not always a sign of serious structural issues, but they should not be ignored. In many cases, a vertical crack in drywall or plaster can be attributed to normal settling and minor shifts in the building. These cracks are typically narrow and uniform, and while they may be unsightly, they often do not compromise the integrity of the structure. Homeowners can usually repair these minor cracks without professional intervention.
However, some vertical cracks can be indicative of more significant problems, particularly those caused by foundation movement or water damage. If a vertical crack in a wall is wide, jagged, or accompanied by other signs such as uneven floors or sticking doors, it could signal serious foundation issues. In these cases, it is crucial to consult with a professional to assess the severity of the problem.
How to Treat Vertical Cracks
Although some vertical cracking is purely cosmetic, and can be resolved with DIY solutions, there are some instances where professional foundation repair is the best choice for addressing serious cracks. Here are some common fixes for major cracking:
Carbon Fiber Support Strips
These strips are adhered to the wall with a strong epoxy, providing additional reinforcement and preventing further movement. When applied properly, carbon fiber strips can restore structural integrity without the need for extensive demolition or reconstruction. This method is especially useful for addressing vertical cracks caused by minor foundation shifts or settling.
Wall Crack Sealants
Crack sealant is a versatile and straightforward method for repairing a vertical crack in drywall or other wall materials. This approach involves filling the crack with a specialized sealant that can expand and contract with the wall, ensuring a durable repair. Crack sealants are ideal for minor, non-structural types of cracks in walls, providing an easy and cost-effective way to prevent further damage and maintain the appearance of the wall.
Wall Anchors
These anchors are installed by driving steel rods through the wall and into the soil outside, where they are secured with metal plates. This creates a bracing system that counteracts the pressure causing the cracks, effectively pulling the wall back into its original position. By stabilizing the wall and preventing further movement, wall anchors can halt the progression of vertical cracks.
Foundation Piers
By lifting and stabilizing the foundation with heavy duty helical piers or push piers, you can effectively close vertical cracks and prevent future shifting or settling. This method is particularly suited for severe types of cracks in walls, offering a comprehensive fix that addresses the root cause of the problem, ensuring long-term stability and safety of the structure.
Choose Groundworks for All Things Crack Repair
While vertical cracking is a common issue for homeowners, it’s important to know the signs of severe foundation damage. If you suspect your basement walls are at risk of failure, don’t wait for it to get worse. Contact the experts at Groundworks for a no-cost foundation inspection and service estimate.
Foundation Crack FAQs
Subtitle
In severe cases, yes. Horizontal cracks caused by hydrostatic pressure or expansive soil can weaken the wall’s stability.
Sealing alone may be a temporary fix; the underlying issue, like foundation movement, needs to be addressed to prevent recurring cracks.
If you notice widening cracks, bowing walls, or if the cracks are accompanied by water intrusion, it’s best to get a professional inspection.
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